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Just fitted a new Shimano freehub onto my 350 hub with a new drive side 142mm adaptor.
Using the original non driveside adaptor that came with the wheel (XD drive freehub).
When I tighten up the axle and the clamp bolt (Syntace X12 axle) the cassette binds up.
Was working fine with an old shimano freehub and endcap on the same hub/wheel.
Any ideas?
Sounds like you haven't put the spacer that fits on the axle inside the freehub ratchets back in.
Part 9 on here:

That part is there.
Does it matter which way round the springs go? Could that make a difference?
Seems weird that it was fine with an old freehub & end cap but not with new freehub & endcap..🤔
Yes, the springs are conical and the tapered ends should point inwards touching the ratchets with the wider ends facing outwards.
Also, have you checked that there is a spacer between the two freehub bearings?
XD end caps and Shimano end caps are not cross compatible.
If it says XD on the end cap, it isn't for Shimano use.
I believe the non driveside caps are the same and I have replaced the xd end cap with a new shimano one (ordered from DT) to go with the new shimano freehub I got off here.
There does appear to be a spacer between the bearings on the freehub.
I think I've found the issue.
There seems to be a seal/cover over the outside of the freehub bearing which, with the endcap on, is what's causing it to bind.
Doesn't look like the normal DT MTB freehub: